NOTE
Linux Network Tuning
Diagnosing latency, throughput, packet loss, retransmission, queues, sockets, connection limits, and kernel networking.
This is a historical learning note and may contain outdated or incomplete understanding.
Network tuning begins with the traffic path and symptom: connection failures, RTT/tail latency, retransmissions/loss, throughput, socket queues, accept backlog, connection states, NIC drops, and CPU/IRQ pressure.
Socket buffers, backlog sizes, port ranges, keepalive, congestion control, offloads, RSS/RPS, and application connection pooling can matter, but no sysctl set is universally optimal.
Confirm whether the bottleneck is the application, host kernel, NIC, load balancer, network path, or peer before tuning the local host.