NOTE
Monolithic Architecture
A single deployable application and the trade-offs between operational simplicity, modularity, scaling, and organizational boundaries.
This is a historical learning note and may contain outdated or incomplete understanding.
A monolith packages much or all application functionality into one deployable/process boundary. This can simplify local development, transactions, testing, deployment, and observability compared with a distributed system.
The risk is not “monolith” itself but poor internal modularity: hidden coupling can make changes unsafe and force unrelated modules to deploy/scale together.
A modular monolith is often a strong default. Split services only when independent ownership, scaling, reliability, technology, or deployment boundaries justify the distributed-systems cost.