Software Architecture & Engineering

Reducing knowledge of distant object structure and avoiding brittle navigation through internal collaborators.

Reusing behavior through composition/delegation when subtype inheritance would create unnecessary coupling.

A practical view of SOLID and related principles for controlling coupling, responsibilities, and change.

Reusable design structures and the trade-offs behind creational, structural, and behavioral patterns.

A single shared instance, initialization safety, lifecycle, testability, and global-state trade-offs.

Interposing an object to control or augment access to another object while preserving its contract.

Fixing an algorithm skeleton while allowing selected steps to vary in subclasses or callbacks.

Separating object creation decisions from clients that consume the created abstraction.

Representing state-dependent behavior with explicit state objects instead of sprawling conditionals.

Constructing complex objects step by step with readable optional configuration and validation.