Java

Checked and unchecked exceptions, propagation, finally, try-with-resources, and Error versus Exception.

Practical exception-handling rules: catch at meaningful boundaries, preserve context, avoid swallowing failures, and map errors once.

Probabilistic membership testing with Guava BloomFilter, false positives, sizing, serialization, and appropriate use cases.

Lombok's compile-time annotation processing/compiler integration and the trade-offs of generated Java boilerplate.

MyBatis as a SQL-mapping framework: explicit SQL, parameter/result mapping, sessions, mappers, and transaction boundaries.

Spring Cloud as an integration ecosystem for distributed-service concerns, with version-train compatibility and evolving components.

A roadmap from dependency injection and bean lifecycle through AOP, transactions, MVC, Boot, and source-code reading.

Spring Boot's opinionated application bootstrap, starters, auto-configuration, embedded servers, external configuration, and observability.

Spring MVC's DispatcherServlet request pipeline, controllers, handler mapping/adapters, binding, validation, and response rendering.

Local token/rate limiting with Guava RateLimiter and its limits in distributed systems.