Distributed Systems

An entry point to ZooKeeper Atomic Broadcast (ZAB), ZooKeeper's leader-based protocol for ordered, reliable state updates.

Raft's leader, follower, and candidate roles; leader election; replicated-log operation; quorum commitment; and recovery after leader failure.

How gossip protocols spread information through randomized peer-to-peer exchanges, why they scale well, and the redundancy and convergence trade-offs they introduce.

A practical map of linearizability, eventual and causal consistency, read-your-writes, session consistency, monotonic reads and writes, and consistent-prefix reads.

Why distributed systems keep multiple replicas of the same data, how replication improves availability and read capacity, and the major design dimensions behind replication.

Why multiple leaders are useful across regions or offline-capable systems, and how concurrent writes create conflicts that require prevention, detection, or resolution.

Leaderless replication with multi-replica reads/writes, quorum-style coordination, version reconciliation, read repair, and anti-entropy.

How leader/follower replication handles writes, reads, initial synchronization, incremental catch-up, leader election, and failover.

Physical and logical change logs, statement- versus row-oriented replication, and why deterministic replay and schema/storage coupling matter.

Synchronous, asynchronous, and semi-synchronous replication and how acknowledgement rules change latency, durability, availability, and replica lag.